Which groups are on your target?
Consider NHS for primary amines and Maleimide for free thiols. For click chemistry, confirm the reaction partners first.
AF594 fluorescent dyes
Orange emission, with 5 reactive dyes and 4 bioconjugates. Excitation near 590 nm and collection near 617 nm; find labeling methods and documents for the target handle.
590nm
617nm
9
Optical values refer to AF594 NHS.
AF594 NHS spectral referenceOrange
AF594 product selection
Find AF594 dyes and conjugates by reactive group or recognition ligand.
Which recognition ligand do you need?
Compare Annexin V, WGA, CTB, Streptavidin; check the sample and conditions.
| Product / catalog no. | Reactive form / ligand | Targets and applications | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|
| AF594 NHS EsterQH-10-1010 | NHS | Antibodies, proteins and other molecules with accessible primary amines | View product → |
| AF594 MaleimideQH-10-1010(Maleimide) | Maleimide | Targets with accessible free thiols | View product → |
| AF594 AzideQH-10-1010(Azide) | Azide | Targets with a compatible alkyne; confirm the click reaction system | View product → |
| AF594-PEG4-DBCOQH-10-1010(DBCO PEG4) | PEG4-DBCO | Azide coupling with a PEG4 spacer | View product → |
| AF594-PEG12-DBCOQH-10-1010(DBCO PEG12) | PEG12-DBCO | Azide coupling; evaluate a PEG12 spacer | View product → |
| AF594-Annexin VQH-10-1010(Annexin V) | Annexin V | Recognizes exposed PS; binding requires Ca²⁺ | View product → |
| AF594 WGAQH-10-1010(WGA) | WGA | Recognizes glycans containing GlcNAc or sialic acid | View product → |
| AF594 CTBQH-10-1010(CTB) | CTB | Recognizes GM1; consider binding and uptake conditions | View product → |
| AF594-StreptavidinQH-15-1009 | Streptavidin | Detect existing biotin labels using Streptavidin | View product → |
Showing 9 / 9 AF594 products
Spectra and detection conditions
AF594 NHS optical properties
- Reference product
- AF594 NHS · QH-10-1010
- Excitation peak
- 590 nm
- Emission peak
- 617 nm
- Molar extinction coefficient
- 92,000 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹
Values refer to this product’s specifications. Consult measurement records for solvent, pH and conjugation state.
Full product specifications →Excitation near 590 nm and collection near 617 nm
A source or excitation filter near 590 nm provides a starting point; assess the efficiency of a common 561 nm source separately. Texas Red-type presets still require inspection of their actual bandwidths and do not guarantee compatibility.
A 620/40 bandpass nominally spans 600–640 nm and includes the 617 nm emission peak. Collected signal depends on the full emission spectrum, filter transmission and detector response; this is a passband example. 620/40 is a passband calculation example; compare the emission tail with neighboring orange and far-red channels.
Read the detection guide →Multicolor combinations and controls
The 617 nm emission peak of AF594 lies between AF568 and AF647. In a multicolor panel, examine AF568 spillover into that collection window and the AF594 tail entering longer-wavelength detection. Use single-stain and unstained controls to set acquisition conditions.
Multicolor detection considerations →Match the workflow to the target handle
Bioconjugates
For established recognition ligands, review the corresponding conjugates and their product-specific formulation, dose and storage conditions.
| Product | Recognition target and conditions |
|---|---|
| AF594-Annexin V | Phosphatidylserine; binding is Ca²⁺ dependent. |
| AF594 WGA | GlcNAc- or sialic-acid-containing glycans; consider sample preparation and intracellular signal. |
| AF594 CTB | GM1 ganglioside; confirm the application and treatment conditions. |
| AF594-Streptavidin | Biotinylated targets; account for competing free biotin. |
References
References on reaction chemistry, assay design and result interpretation.
Labeling a protein with fluorophores using NHS ester derivitization
Nanda JS, Lorsch JR. · Methods in Enzymology · 536:87–94 · 2014
Uses FAM ester labeling of a protein to explain primary-amine chemistry and labeling-efficiency assessment. It informs NHS workflow design; input and reaction conditions depend on the actual dye and sample.
Fluorescent-labeled antibodies: Balancing functionality and degree of labeling
Vira S, Mekhedov E, Humphrey G, Blank PS. · Analytical Biochemistry · 402(2):146–150 · 2010
Uses FITC-labeled anti-HA antibody to assess changes in labeling density and antigen binding. It informs input-series design and post-purification functional testing; DOL alone is insufficient for selecting a conjugate.
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)
Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, et al. · European Journal of Immunology · 51(12):2708–3145 · 2021
Provides methodological guidance on detection settings, controls and experimental records for downstream conjugate evaluation.
Technical guides
AF594 · Labeling & detectionAF594 spectra and detection channelsAF594 NHS has 590/617 nm peaks. Check the excitation source, emission window and detector response separately.
Product peaks and excitation source
AF594 NHS has an excitation peak of 590 nm and an emission peak of 617 nm. Check the product name, source wavelength and collection window separately. A source or excitation filter near 590 nm provides a starting point; assess the efficiency of a common 561 nm source separately. Texas Red-type presets still require inspection of their actual bandwidths and do not guarantee compatibility.
Emission window and optical path
A 620/40 bandpass nominally spans 600–640 nm and includes the 617 nm emission peak. Collected signal depends on the full emission spectrum, filter transmission and detector response; this is a passband example. 620/40 is a passband calculation example; compare the emission tail with neighboring orange and far-red channels.
Confirm settings with measured signals
The peak-position figure cannot compare brightness or calculate compensation. Use measured spectra to inspect filter coverage, then unstained and single-stain samples to assess background and signal. Keep gain or exposure fixed when comparing samples.
References
Chroma · Optical filters and bandwidth
chroma.com
Thermo Fisher · Sources and detection regions
tools.thermofisher.com
AF594 · Labeling & detectionChannel allocation for AF594, AF568 and AF647Neighboring dyes can enter the same detection window. Use single stains to check cross-excitation, spillover and separation.
Channel allocation for AF594, AF568 and AF647
The 617 nm emission peak of AF594 lies between AF568 and AF647. In a multicolor panel, examine AF568 spillover into that collection window and the AF594 tail entering longer-wavelength detection. Use single-stain and unstained controls to set acquisition conditions.
Establish separation with controls
Measure each single-stain sample in every relevant channel and use an unstained sample for baseline fluorescence. Set conventional-flow compensation from these measurements or use dye- and treatment-matched references for spectral unmixing. If signals remain poorly resolved, change the dye panel or detection windows.
Comparison of products in similar regions
When comparing dye conjugates of the same target, match target concentration and labeling density and record each source and filter. A brighter reading in one channel may reflect better excitation or collection. Compare specific signal, background, recovery and function alongside raw intensity.
References
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)
Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, et al. · European Journal of Immunology · 51(12):2708–3145 · 2021
Chroma · Optical filters and bandwidth
chroma.com
Labeling guide
Read guide →NHS and maleimide labeling routes
NHS labels primary amines; maleimide labels free thiols. Additives and reduction requirements determine sample preparation.
Labeling guide
Read guide →Azide and DBCO click-reaction pairing
Terminal alkynes pair with azides through CuAAC; DBCO pairs with azides through copper-free SPAAC.
Labeling guide
Read guide →Assessment of AF594-labeled conjugates
Compare labeling density, sample recovery, specific signal and background after purification, rather than total fluorescence alone.
Product-specific documents
Instructions, SDS, product specifications and CoA are catalog-specific. Request documents on the corresponding product page and include the vial lot number for a CoA.
AF594 NHS Ester
QH-10-1010
AF594 Maleimide
QH-10-1010(Maleimide)
AF594 Azide
QH-10-1010(Azide)
AF594-PEG4-DBCO
QH-10-1010(DBCO PEG4)
AF594-PEG12-DBCO
QH-10-1010(DBCO PEG12)
AF594-Annexin V
QH-10-1010(Annexin V)
AF594 WGA
QH-10-1010(WGA)
AF594 CTB
QH-10-1010(CTB)
AF594-Streptavidin
QH-15-1009
Spectral and selection support
Include the target, reactive handles, buffer formulation, excitation source and emission window to help identify the product and supporting measurement information.
FAQ
How does the AF594 name relate to excitation and emission?
AF594 NHS has an excitation peak of 590 nm and an emission peak of 617 nm. Check the product name, source wavelength and collection window separately.
Can a Texas Red method be used directly for AF594?
The detection and labeling approach may inform method development, but check the reactive form, dosing parameters, source and filters separately. Test the existing method at small scale and record recovery, labeling density, background and target function.
Can AF594 be combined with neighboring dyes?
The 617 nm emission peak of AF594 lies between AF568 and AF647. In a multicolor panel, examine AF568 spillover into that collection window and the AF594 tail entering longer-wavelength detection. Use single-stain and unstained controls to set acquisition conditions.
How do NHS, Maleimide, Azide and DBCO match targets?
Use NHS for primary amines, Maleimide for free thiols, Azide for terminal or strained alkynes, and PEG4-DBCO or PEG12-DBCO for azides. Each product page covers pretreatment, buffer and purification requirements.
Can reactive dyes and bioconjugates share storage conditions?
Follow each product page and vial label. Reactive dyes in this catalog are stored dry at −20°C and protected from light; aqueous conjugates have separate requirements. Prepared dye solutions and newly made conjugates cannot simply inherit dry-dye storage conditions.
Can molecular weight, CAS or extinction coefficients be borrowed from a similar dye?
Do not borrow these values. Reactive form, spacer, structure and salt form can affect them; confirm by catalog number. Request missing identity and calculation parameters through the product Documents tab rather than inferring them from a similar name.
How can I obtain instructions, measured spectra and a lot CoA?
Use Documents on the specific product page and describe the application and detection settings. Supply the catalog and vial lot numbers for a CoA. The displayed spectrum is a peak schematic and references concern methods; neither is a lot inspection result.